iindaba

I-Tanneries ihlala inxulunyaniswa neempawu kunye ne-obnoxious "ivumba le-sulfide", eneneni ibangelwa kugxininiso oluphantsi lwegesi ye-sulfhydric, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hydrogen sulfide. Amanqanaba aphantsi njenge-0.2 ppm ye-H2S sele engathandeki ebantwini kwaye i-concentration ye-20 ppm ayinyamezeleki. Ngenxa yoko, amashishini esikhumba anokunyanzelwa ukuba avale umsebenzi we-beamhouse okanye anyanzeleke ukuba aphinde asuke kwiindawo ezihlala abantu.
Njengoko i-beamhouse kunye nolusu luhlala lusenziwa kwindawo enye, ivumba yeyona ngxaki incinci. Ngeziphoso zabantu, oku kuhlala kubambe umngcipheko wokuxuba izinto ezidadayo ezineasidi kunye nesulfide equlethe i-beamhouse float kunye nokukhupha izixa eziphezulu ze-H2S. Kwinqanaba le-500 ppm zonke ii-receptors ze-olfactory zivaliwe kwaye igesi, ngoko ke, ingabonakali kwaye i-exposure ye-30 min ibangela ukuxiliswa kobomi obusongela ubomi. Kwi-concentration ye-5,000 ppm (0.5%), i-toxicity ichazwa kangangokuba ukuphefumula okukodwa kwanele ukubangela ukufa kwangoko kwimizuzwana.
Ngaphandle kwazo zonke ezi ngxaki kunye nemingcipheko, isulfide ibiyeyona khemikhali ithandwayo yokususa iinwele ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane. Oku kunokubalelwa kwezinye iindlela ezingasebenziyo: ukusetyenziswa kwe-organic sulphides kubonise ukuba kuyenzeka kodwa akwamkelwanga ngenxa yeendleko ezongezelelweyo ezibandakanyekayo. Ukungabikho kweenwele kuphela nge-proteolytic kunye ne-keratolytic enzymes kuzanywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kodwa ngenxa yokungabikho kokukhetha kwakunzima ekusebenzeni ukulawula. Umsebenzi omninzi utyalwe kwi-oxidative unhairing, kodwa kude kube namhlanje unqongophele kakhulu ekusebenziseni kwayo njengoko kunzima ukufumana iziphumo ezihambelanayo.

Inkqubo yokukhupha iinwele

I-Covington ibale i-theory efunekayo ye-sodium sulphide yebakala loshishino (i-60-70%) yenkqubo yokutshisa iinwele ibe yi-0.6% kuphela, ngokumalunga nokufihla ubunzima. Enyanisweni, iimali eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa inkqubo ethembekileyo ziphezulu kakhulu, ezizezi 2-3%. Isizathu esona sizathu salokhu kukuba izinga lokungakhathali lixhomekeke kugxininiso lwe-ion sulphide (S2-) kwi-float. Ukudada okufutshane kuqhele ukusetyenziswa ukufumana i-sulphide ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-sulphide kuchaphazela kakubi ukususwa kweenwele ngokupheleleyo kwixesha elamkelekileyo.
Xa ujongisisa ngakumbi indlela izinga lokungachebi lixhomekeke kugxininiso lweekhemikhali eziqeshiweyo, kucace gca ukuba ugxininiso oluphezulu lufuneka ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokuhlaselwa kwenkqubo ethile. Kwinkqubo yokutshisa iinwele, le ngongoma yokuhlaselwa yi-keratin ye-hair cortex, echithwa yi-sulphide ngenxa yokuphulwa kweebhulorho ze-cystine.
Kwinkqubo ekhuselekileyo yeenwele, apho i-keratin ikhuselwe yinyathelo lokugonywa, indawo yokuhlaselwa ikakhulu yiprotheyini yebhalbhu yeenwele e-hydrolysed kuphela ngenxa yeemeko ze-alkaline okanye i-proteolytic enzymes, ukuba ikhona. Inqaku lesibini nelibaluleke ngokulinganayo lohlaselo yi-pre-keratin ebekwe phezu kwebhalbhu yeenwele; inokuthotywa ngeproteolytic hydrolysis idityaniswe nesiphumo se-keratolytic yesulphide.
Naluphi na inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kweenwele, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba la manqaku okuhlaselwa afikeleleke ngokulula kwiikhemikhali zenkqubo, okuvumela ukuxinwa kwendawo ephezulu ye-sulphide eya kuthi ibangele izinga eliphezulu lokukhupha. Oku kukwathetha ukuba ukuba ukufikelela lula kwiikhemikhali ezisebenzayo (umz. ikalika, isulfidi, i-enzyme njl.njl) kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kunokunikezelwa, kuya kuba nokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe izixa ezisezantsi kakhulu zale michiza.

Ukucwiliswa emanzini yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yokususa iinwele

Zonke iikhemikhali eziqeshwe kwinkqubo yokukhupha iinwele zinyibilika emanzini kwaye amanzi yinkqubo yenkqubo. Igrisi ke ngoko sisithintelo sendalo esinciphisa ukusebenza kwayo nayiphi na imichiza engasebenziyo. Ukususwa kwegrisi kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokukhupha i-inhairing elandelayo. Ngenxa yoko, isiseko sokungavulwa kweenwele okusebenzayo kunye nonikezelo oluncitshiswe kakhulu lweekhemikhali kufuneka sibekwe kwinqanaba lokufunxa.
Injongo kukuhlanjululwa okusebenzayo kweenwele kunye nokufihla ubuso kunye nokususwa kwegrisi ye-sebaceous. Ngakolunye uhlangothi umntu kufuneka agweme ukususa igrisi eninzi ngokubanzi, ngakumbi enyameni, kuba kaninzi akunakwenzeka ukuyigcina kwi-emulsion kunye ne-fat smearing iya kuba ngumphumo. Oku kukhokelela kwindawo enamafutha kunokuba "omileyo" ofunwayo, ophazamisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokukhupha.
Ngelixa ukususwa okukhethiweyo kwegrisi kwizinto ezithile zesakhiwo somkhusane kubabeka ekuhlaselweni okulandelayo kweekhemikhali ezingenayo iikhemikhali, ezinye iindawo zokufihla zinokukhuselwa kwangaxeshanye kulo. Amava abonisa ukuba ukuntywila phantsi kweemeko zealkaline ezibonelelwa yi-earth-alkali compounds ekugqibeleni kubangela iithwathwa ngokugcwala okuphuculweyo kweeflanks kunye nezisu kunye nendawo ephezulu enokusetyenziswa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho ngcaciso ipheleleyo yale nyaniso ingqinwe kakuhle, kodwa amanani ahlalutywayo abonisa ukuba ngokwenene ukufunxwa ngealkaline zomhlaba kubangela ukusasazwa okwahluke kakhulu kwezinto ezinamafutha ngaphakathi kwesikhumba xa kuthelekiswa nokufunxwa ngothuthu lwesoda.
Ngelixa isiphumo sokuthomalalisa ngothuthu lwesoda siyafana, ukusebenzisa ialkaline zomhlaba kukhokelela kwisiqulatho esiphakamileyo sezinto ezinamafutha kwiindawo ezikhululekileyo ezakhiweyo zepelt, okt emacaleni. Ingaba oku kubangelwa ukususwa okukhethiweyo kwamafutha kwezinye iindawo okanye ukuphinda kufakwe izinto ezinamafutha akunakutshiwo ngalo mzuzu. Nokuba siyintoni na isizathu esisiso, impembelelo entle ekunciphiseni isivuno ayinakuphikiswa.
I-ejenti entsha ekhethiweyo yokufunxa yenza ukusetyenziswa kweziphumo ezichazwe; ibonelela ngezona meko zifanelekileyo zangaphambili zokususwa kweenwele ezilungileyo kunye neenwele ezintle kunye nesipho esincitshisiweyo sesulfide, kwaye kwangaxeshanye igcina ingqibelelo yezisu kunye neeflanks.

I-enzymatic ephantsi ye-sulphide inceda ukukhupha iinwele

Emva kokuba isigqubuthelo silungiswe ngokufanelekileyo ekufakweni emanzini, ukukhutshwa kweenwele kufezekiswa ngokufanelekileyo ngenkqubo esebenzisa indibaniselwano ye-enzymatic proteolytic formulation kunye ne-keratolytic effect ye-sulphide. Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo ekhuselekileyo yeenwele, umnikelo wesulfide ngoku unokwehliswa kakhulu ukuya kumanqanaba e-1% kuphela xa kuthelekiswa nokufihla ubunzima kwizikhumba ezinkulu zeenkomo. Oku kunokwenziwa ngaphandle kokuthomalalisa malunga nomgangatho kunye nokusebenza kokungachetywa kweenwele okanye ukucoceka kwepeliti. Unikezelo olusezantsi lukwakhokelela kumanqanaba ancitshiswe kakhulu esulfide kwi-liming float kunye nakwi- hide (iya kukhulula i-H2S encinci ekuxutyweni nasekuqokeleleni kamva!). Nokuba inkqubo yokutshisa iinwele zemveli inokwenziwa kwisipho esifanayo esisezantsi sesulfide.
Ngaphandle kwempembelelo ye-keratolytic ye-sulphide, i-proteolytic hydrolysis isoloko ifuneka ukuze ungabikho. Ibhalbhu yeenwele, eneprotein, kunye ne-pre-keratin ebekwe ngaphezulu kwayo kufuneka ihlaselwe. Oku kufezekiswa nge-alkalinity kunye nokuzikhethela kwakhona nge-proteolytic enzymes.
I-Collagen ithandwa kakhulu kwi-hydrolysis kune-keratin, kwaye emva kokudibanisa kwe-lime i-collagen yendalo iguqulwa ngokwekhemikhali kwaye ngenxa yoko iba buthathaka. Ukongeza, ukudumba kwe-alkaline kwenza i-pelt ichaphazeleke kumonakalo womzimba. Ke ngoko, kukhuseleke ngakumbi ukuphumeza uhlaselo lweproteolytic kwibhalbhu yeenwele kunye ne-pre-keratin kwi-pH esezantsi ngaphambi kokufakwa kwekalika.
Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokwenziwa kwe-proteolytic enzymatic unhairing formulation enomsebenzi wayo uphezulu malunga ne-pH 10.5. Kwi-pH eqhelekileyo yenkqubo yokugalela ikalika emalunga ne-13, umsebenzi uphantsi kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-pelt ayibonakali kancinci ekuthotyweni kwe-hydrolytic xa ikwimeko yayo enovakalelo.

I-sulfide ephantsi, inkqubo ekhuselekileyo yeenwele zekalika

Isixhobo sokufunxa esikhusela iindawo ezivulekileyo zolusu kunye ne-enzymatic unhairing formulation engasebenziyo kwi-pH ephezulu iqinisekisa iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokufumana umgangatho ophezulu kunye nowona mmandla uphezulu onokusebenziseka wesikhumba. Ngelo xesha, inkqubo entsha yokukhupha i-inhair ivumela ukunciphisa okubalulekileyo kwe-sulphide, nakwinkqubo yokutshisa iinwele. Kodwa izibonelelo eziphezulu zifumaneka ukuba zisetyenziswe kwinkqubo ekhuselekileyo yeenwele. Iziphumo ezidityanisiweyo ze-soaking esebenza kakhulu kunye nefuthe elikhethiweyo le-proteolytic yokwenziwa kwe-enzyme ekhethekileyo kubangela ukungabikho kweenwele ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu ngaphandle kweengxaki zeenwele ezintle kunye neengcambu zeenwele kunye nococeko oluphuculweyo lwe-pelt.

Inkqubo iphucula ukuvulwa kwesikhumba esikhokelela kwisikhumba esithambileyo ukuba asihlawulwanga ngokunciphisa ukunikezelwa kwekalika. Oku, kudibaniswa nokujongwa kweenwele ngesihluzi, kukhokelela ekuncitshisweni kodaka.

Ukuqukumbela

I-sulfide ephantsi, inkqubo ye-lime ephantsi kunye ne-epidermis enhle, i-hair-root kunye nokususwa kweenwele ezintle kunokwenzeka ngokulungiswa okufanelekileyo kwesikhumba ekufakweni. I-enzymatic axiliary ekhethiweyo ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ingqibelelo yengqolowa, izisu kunye neeflanks.
Ukudibanisa zombini iimveliso, itekhnoloji ibonelela ngezi zibonelelo zilandelayo ngaphezulu kwendlela yemveli yokusebenza:

- ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo
- amavumba angathandekiyo kakhulu
- Umthwalo ocuthwe kakhulu kokusingqongileyo - isulfide, initrogen, iCOD, i-sludge
- isivuno esiphuculweyo nesihambelana ngakumbi kulwandlalo, ukusika kunye nomgangatho wesikhumba
- amachiza aphantsi, iindleko zenkqubo kunye nenkunkuma